SOIL.

noun
1. the top layer of the land surface of the earth that is composed of disintegrated rock particles, humus, water, and air
See: zonal soil, azonal soil, intrazonal soil, horizon [4] [5]
Related adj: telluric

2. a type of this material having specific characteristics
example: loamy soil

3. land, country, or region
example: one's native soil

4. The soil life and work on a farm; land
example: he belonged to the soil, as his forefathers had

5. Any place or thing encouraging growth or development
[ETYMOLOGY: 14th Century: from Anglo-Norman, from Latin solium a seat, but confused with Latin solum the ground]

FRENCH
Soil
noun
(= earth) sol m; terre f
transitive verb
salir
(figurative use) souiller

GREMAN
Soil
noun
(earth, ground) Erde f; Erdreich neuter; Boden m
cover it with soil: ~ bedecken Sie es mit Erde
native/foreign/British soil: ~ heimatlicher/fremder/britischer Boden; heimatliche/fremde/britische Erde
the soil: (figurative, farmland) ~ die Scholle
a son of the soil: ~ ein mit der Scholle verwachsener Mensch

ITALIAN
Soil
1. (n:earth) terreno, terra, suolo;
chalky/poor ~, terreno calcareo/povero;
cover it with ~, coprilo di terra;
on British ~, sul suolo britannico;
(farmland) the ~, la terra;
2. (vt: dirty) sporcare;
(reputation, honour {etc}) infangare, macchiare.

SPANISH
Soil
noun
(= earth) tierra f
his native soi ~ su tierra natal; su patria
on British soil ~ en suelo británico
transitive verb